Everyday Life During World War II

Questions to Consider

While American soldiers were fighting abroad, what did people do on the home front?

How did official photographs portray Japanese Americans during World War II?

How did the workforce change during World War II?

About the Images

The images in this topic provide a look at the everyday lives of Californians just before, during, and shortly after the years that the United States entered World War II. Although many men and women joined the military, many stayed home. These photographs show men, women, and children at work—many in war-related industries—at play, and at home. They also provide a glimpse into the lives of Japanese Americans, who were forced off their property and housed in internment camps for the duration of the war.

Overview

When the United States entered World War II in 1942, the nation geared up to support the war effort. Even though the battles were fought far away, the daily lives of those left on the “home front” were inevitably affected.

“Liberty ships” like the Booker T. Washington— the first major oceangoing vessel to be named after an African American, shown here being christened by opera singer Marian Anderson—were built and put into service.

Industry responded to the military’s needs. The Ford assembly plant in Richmond literally changed gears to build Sherman Tanks, like the one pictured here. The Richmond Shipyards built more ships during the war than any other facility. The photograph of workers here shows a crew made up equally of men and women. With so many men fighting abroad, women—often called “Rosie the Riveters”—joined the job market. Another photograph shows a woman conducting chemical tests at Standard Oil’s Richmond Refinery.

Men and women at home worked to “fight the war on the home front.” Many, like the man holding the sign in San Mateo’s Fourth of July parade, joined Civilian Defense patrols. A special Civil Defense unit called “Blair’s Rangers,” pictured here, was formed in Brisbane to honor a local man killed in the war.

The threat of war did not prevent young people from enjoying activities such as swimming, like these San Jose high school girls, or doing artwork, like the students shown here. The Kern County Library had a free library bookmobile that visited schools without their own school libraries. For some, providing services to others was still part of daily life. The Bell Family is shown inside the Bell Grocery store on Silver Avenue, and a lively group of men and women—civilians and people in the military—is shown in Dorothea Lange’s photograph of a Richmond bar. At the Santa Ana Army Air Base, soldiers relax at a beer party.

The war had an impact on some citizens’ housing. Most directly affected were Japanese Americans who, despite being American citizens, were removed from their property and forced to live in government run internment camps jarda scattered across the United States. U.S. government and news photographs, like the one depicting “jitterbugging evacuees,” tended to depict these families enjoying “normal” activities, despite their incarceration in guarded camps. Their old homes found new occupants, like the African American family living in the Los Angeles neighborhood dubbed “Bronzeville,” which had been called “Little Tokyo” before the war.

After the war, photographs show Japanese Americans settling into temporary housing in the Winona trailer camp in Burbank, California. One couple is depicted back home in Sacramento, shopping and picking up the pieces of their prewar lives.

English-Language Arts

Grade 4

1.0 Writing Strategies: Research and Technology

2.0 Writing Applications
2.3 Write information reports.

2.0 Speaking Applications
2.2 Make informational presentations.

Grade 11

1.0 Writing Strategies: Research and Technology

2.0 Writing Applications
2.4 Write historical investigation reports.

2.0 Speaking Applications
2.2 Deliver oral reports on historical investigations.
2.4 Delivery multimedia presentations.

History-Social Science

Grade 4:

4.4 Students explain how California became an agricultural and industrial power, tracing the transformation of the California economy and its political and cultural development since the 1850s. (4.4.5)

Grade 11:

11.7 Students analyze America's participation in World War II. (11.7.5, 11.7.6)

Visual Arts

3.0 Historical and Cultural Context Understanding the Historical Contributions and Cultural Dimensions of the Visual Arts. Students analyze the role and development of the visual arts in past and present cultures throughout the world, noting human diversity as it relates to the visual arts and artists.